It further examines the DRR and management protocols put in place by the hotel and their effectiveness. Through repeated direct observations, interviews and Geographical Information Systems, this chapter investigates the extent and potential causes of repeated flooding of The Centurion Hotel, South Africa. While there are numerous incidences of hotel infrastructure being razed to the ground, many hotels remain operational, but under the risk of repeat events. Hotel managers should come up with disaster risk reduction (DRR) and management plans that include early warning, search and rescue (evacuations) and relief and recovery. Hotel management is becoming more difficult in the face of increasing and repeated natural and human-induced disasters, particularly floods, cyclones and earthquakes. Together, these results suggest that the outer size of the TC is a key factor in forecasting tornadoes. These changes may be partially offset by reductions in temperature and moisture that may explain why the changes in tornado frequency and location are not more extreme in larger TCs. These results are attributed to a broader set of radii with favorable vertical variations in wind speed and direction for tornadoes in larger TCs. Moreover, tornadoes tend to be located farther from the TC in storms with larger wind fields. These results show that larger TCs more frequently spawn tornadoes, which are associated with a broader region of tornado occurrence. This study investigates whether the outer size of the TC wind field impacts the number and location of tornadoes using tornado and TC observations, historical weather forecast data, and observations from balloon‐borne weather instruments. One understudied factor that may explain these differences in tornado occurrence is how far the TC winds extend from its center, referred to as its outer size. Tropical cyclones (TCs) (also known as tropical depressions, storms, and hurricanes) with similar landfall locations and maximum wind speeds often spawn different numbers of tornadoes.
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